A rigid inclusion in an elastic space under the action of a uniform heat flow in the inclusion plane

A solution is presented for the three dimensional static thermoelastic problem of an absolutely rigid inclusion (anticrack) in the case when a uniform heat flow is directed along the inclusion plane. By using the potential method and the Fourier transform technique, the problem is reduced to a system of coupled two-dimensional singular integral equations for the shear stress jumps across the inclusion. As an illustration, a typical application to the circular anticrack is presented. Explicit expressions for the thermal stresses in the inclusion plane are obtained and discussed from the point of view of material failure.     

Measurements in Situ and Spectral Analysis of Wind Flow Effects on Overhead Transmission Lines

In the paper an important issue of vibrations of the transmission line in real conditions was analyzed. Such research was carried out by the authors of this paper taking into account the cross-section of the cable being in use on the transmission line. Analysis was performed for the modern ACSR high voltage transmission line with span of 213.0 m. The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the vibrations of the power transmission line in the natural environment and compare with the results obtained in the numerical simulations. Analysis was performed for natural and wind excited vibrations. The numerical model was made using the Spectral Element Method. In the spectral model, for various parameters of stiffness, damping and tension force, the system response was checked and compared with the results of the accelerations obtained in the situ measurements. A frequency response functions (FRF) were calculated. The credibility of the model was assessed through a validation process carried out by comparing graphical plots of FRF functions and numerical values expressing differences in acceleration amplitude (MSG), phase angle differences (PSG) and differences in acceleration and phase angle total (CSG) values. Particular attention was paid to the hysteretic damping analysis. Sensitivity of the wave number was performed for changing of the tension force and section area of the cable. The next aspect constituting the purpose of this paper was to present the wide possibilities of modelling and simulation of slender conductors using the Spectral Element Method. The obtained results show very good accuracy in the range of both experimental measurements as well as simulation analysis. The paper emphasizes the ease with which the sensitivity of the conductor and its response to changes in density of spectral mesh division, cable cross-section,tensile strength or material damping can be studied.     

Higher Aliphatic Aldehyde Polymers. V. Cyclic Trimers of C9 to C12, Normal Aliphatic Aldehydes

Cyclic trimers of n-nonaldehyde (NA), n-decaldehyde (DA), n-undecaldehyde, (UA) and n-dodecaldehyde (DDA) were prepared by reacting the individual aldehydes with protic or Lewis acids. Higher aliphatic aldehydes whose long paraffinic chains dominate the general properties of these compounds do not trimerize readily the trimers, when formed, are purified with difficulty. The cyclic trimers, characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, are exclusively the cis isomers and commonly exist in all equatorial conformations. The melting behavior of the cyclic trimers was studied by DSC. The melting endotherms and the enthalpies of fusion increase with increasing chain length. Although the melting temperatures of the cyclic trimers are similar to the melting range of the side-chain crystallization of the corresponding crystalline isotactic polyaldehydes, the transition peaks of the trimers are single peaks and much sharper than the corresponding polymer peaks.     

Constraint-Based Representations of Statistical Graphs

Abstract

Pictor is an environment for statistical graphics that promotes simple commands for common uses and offers the ability to experiment with whole new paradigms. Pictor describes graphs as graphical objects whose component pieces are related by several sorts of constraints. This article describes in detail the constraint system that Pictor uses.     

High Stability of a Phosphenium Ion Allows Umpolung of P--H Bonds

The high intrinsic stability of 1,3,2-diazaphospholenium cations enhances ionic polarization of covalent P--X bonds in P -halogeno- and P -hydrido-diazaphospholenes. The physical properties of the latter suggest a hydridic nature of the P--H bond, and their reactivities display an "Umpolung" as compared to known reaction patterns of phosphines.     

Room Temperature Phosphorescence of 1-Bromo-4-(bromoacetyl)naphthalene Induced by Sodium Deoxycholate

Sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) can induce 1-bromo-4-(bromoacetyl)naphthalene (BBAN) to undergo strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) without the removal of dissolved oxygen from the solution. RTP spectra, phosphorescence polarization and ¹³C NMR results, along with the molecular modeling calculations, supported the conclusion that BBAN molecule was combined in a sandwich with two NaDOC molecules by a “back-to-back” hydrophobic interaction arising from the apolar faces of the NaDOC molecules, which provided BBAN with a rigid enough microenvironment to produce RTP.     

A Versatile Method for the Preparation of Enantiomeric Benzene-1,2-bis(alanine) Derivatives

Abstract

A versatile method for the preparation of dicarba analogues of cystine as substituted benzene-, dihydrobenzene-, and tetrahydrobenzene-1,2-bis(alanine) derivatives is described. The partially saturated products resulted from Diels-Alder adduct formation with stereoselectively prepared (2R,7R)-2,7-diacetamido-4,5-bis (methylene)octane-1,8-dioic acid dimethyl ester. Aromatization of the dihydro adducts by manganese dioxide provided the parent benzene-1,2-bis(alanine) derivatives.     

结晶高分子非晶区的结构及其动力学行为研究进展

非晶结构对结晶高分子材料结构和最终使用性能有非常重要的影响,但目前对半晶高分子中非晶结构的认识还不太清晰并且有待进一步完善.随着研究手段的发展,结晶高分子中非晶区结构及其动力学行为的研究受到越来越多的关注.本文简要概述了目前对结晶高分子中非晶相的研究进展,主要从结晶高分子中非晶区的结构﹑结晶高分子中非晶区的松弛行为﹑非晶相对结晶高分子性能的影响以及等温结晶过程中非晶相的结构演化这四个方面进行介绍,并对它们的研究现状进行了概述,同时指出了目前在这方面研究中存在的争议和问题.     

The Novel Method of Synthesis of Solid Solutions LnxCa1-xF2+x (Ln=Yb,Nd) Using Beta-cyclodextrin

In this study we propose the novel method of synthesis of solid solutions Ln_xCa_1-xF_2+x (Ln = Yb, Nd) by decomposition of metal trifluoroacetate hydrates with beta-cyclodextrin. It is important to mention that the decomposition of the similar reaction mixture without beta-cyclodextrin does not induce the formation of such compounds. In this case, the formation of individual fluorides takes place. The metal fluorides were studied by XRD and X-ray fluorescence. The advantages of the method proposed are as follows: relatively low temperature of the synthesis, simplicity of a change in the composition of the prepared compounds, and a homogeneous distribution of the elements in products.